The Communist Manifesto
by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
[From the English edition of 1888, edited by Friedrich Engels]
Contents
I. BOURGEOIS AND PROLETARIANS
II. PROLETARIANS AND COMMUNISTS
III. SOCIALIST AND COMMUNIST LITERATURE
IV. POSITION OF THE COMMUNISTS IN RELATION TO THE VARIOUS EXISTING OPPOSITION PARTIES
A spectre is haunting Europe--the spectre of Communism. All the Powers of old Europe have entered into a holy alliance to exorcise this spectre: Pope and Czar, Metternich and Guizot, French Radicals and
German police-spies.
Where is the party in opposition that has not been decried as
Communistic by its opponents in power? Where is the Opposition that has not hurled back the branding reproach of Communism, against the more advanced opposition parties, as well as against its reactionary adversaries?
Two things result from this fact.
I. Communism is already acknowledged by all European Powers to be itself a Power.
II. It is high time that Communists should openly, in the face of the whole world, publish their views, their aims, their tendencies, and meet this nursery tale of the Spectre of Communism with a Manifesto of the party itself.
To this end, Communists of various nationalities have assembled in
London, and sketched the following Manifesto, to be published in the
English, French, German, Italian, Flemish and Danish languages.
I.
BOURGEOIS AND PROLETA…