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Every civilization. Every discipline.

From ancient philosophy to modern law. Every tradition preserved. One library.

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Open Knowledge Map
How "person" changed
across 200 years.

Same word. Four dictionaries. Two centuries. Their own definitions.

1828
Webster's American Dictionary
"An individual of the human race... In law, an artificial person is a corporation or body politic."
1856
Bouvier's Law Dictionary
"This word is applied to men, women and children, who are called natural persons. In law, a person is also... a corporation, which is an artificial person."
1913
Webster's Revised Unabridged
"A living, self-conscious being, as distinct from an animal or a thing... In law, an individual or incorporated group having certain legal rights and responsibilities."
1968
Black's Law Dictionary MEANING SHIFTED
"In general usage, a human being (i.e. natural person), though by statute term may include a firm, labor organizations, partnerships, associations, corporations, legal representatives, trustees, trustees in bankruptcy, or receivers."
See the full 6-layer analysis of "person" →
Words change meaning across centuries.
LIBRARY shows you when, where, and why.
TermOriginal MeaningModern Drift
TheoryGreek theoria: direct contemplation of truth (Aristotle, ~350 BCE)Reduced to "an educated guess" — the opposite of its origin
EducationLatin educere: to draw out — developing the innate capacity of a beingInformation delivery — pouring in rather than drawing out
DemocracyGreek demos + kratia: Aristotle warned it could become rule by the mobIdealized as the highest form of government without qualification
OrganicPertaining to living organisms with inherent order (Aristotle's organon)In chemistry: any compound containing carbon — including petroleum
PersonRoman persona: a mask, a legal role — distinct from the living beingMerged with "human being" — obscuring the legal entity distinction
LicenseLatin licentia: permission to do what is otherwise forbiddenTreated as a routine administrative requirement
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